Http
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The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol.
Documentation
RFC 7230: HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230 RFC 7231: HTTP/1.1 Semantics and Content https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231 RFC 7232: HTTP/1.1 Conditional Requests https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7232 RFC 7233: HTTP/1.1 Range Requests https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7233 RFC 7234: HTTP/1.1 Caching https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7234 RFC 7235: HTTP/1.1 Authentication https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7235
Tutorials
MDN HTTP overview https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview MDN Evolution of HTTP https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Evolution_of_HTTP http headers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields
Example
Perform a raw HTTP request using netcat.
cat << EOF | nc willpittman.net 80 GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: willpittman.net Connection: close EOF # blank line intentionalYou can also inspect an HTTP request from any source using wireshark.
HTTP request
> Frame 18: 596 bytes on wire (4786 bits), 596 bytes captured (5786 bits) on interface eno1, id 0 > Ethernet II, Src: ..., Dst: ... > Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 100.100.100.100, Dst: 200.200.200.200 > Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 47708, Dst Port: 80, Seq: 1, Ack: 1, Len: 530 ∨ Hypertext Transfer Protocol GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: willpittman.net Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/93.0.4577.82 Safari/537.36 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9 If-None-Match: "606b230a-154" If-Modified-Since: Mon, 05 Apr 2021 14:47:38 GMT
HTTP response
> Frame 19: 246 bytes on wire (1968 bits), 246 bytes captured (1968 bits) on interface eno1, id 0 > Ethernet II, Src: ..., Dst: ... > Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 200.200.200.200, Dst: 100.100.100.100 > Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 80, Dst Port: 47708, Seq: 1, Ack: 531, Len: 180 ∨ Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.20.1 Date: Sat, 18 Sep 2021 13:51:13 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 340 Last-Modified: Mon, 05 Apr 2021 14:47:38 GMT Connection: close ETag: "606b230a-154" Accept-Ranges: bytes <html> <header> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kognise/water.css@latest/dist/light.min.css"> </header> <body> <h1>Welcome</h1> </body> </html>
Protocol
http headers http statuses
Notes
http security http cookies
