Cygwin

Cygwin is a fully separate (and native) unix system that can run within windows. Cygwin emulates tools that are exclusive to linux (fork, mmap, ioctl, ...) by passing those calls to the cygwin.dll library.

It's beautiful, you can even run an Xserver and have it integrate with your windows' windows. You can also run a full linux desktop within your Xwindow (although it is much faster to just use a terminal).

Cygwin comes without a CLI package manager, but packages can still be installed automatically using the cygwin installer's commandline arguments.

Install

chocolatey installs cygwin to C:\programdata\chocolatey\cygwin\tools\cygwin

Cygwin is built to be able to be run in a portable way. You install, update, and get new packages by re-running the cygwin installer.

Always install the 32 bit version of cygwin, unless you absolutely need it to be 64bit. It is much more supported. Cygwin doesn't seem to require any registry keys to be set, the only things that affect it's portability are some environment variables.

NOTE If you are using my package-setup script, always run it with a normal cygwin http-repo as a source, reboot, then run with the private key for a cygports repo. If you fail to do this, and run the cygports repo first, you may end up with corrupted packages.

Package Management

Best Sources
http://lug.mtu.edu		standard cygwin packages
http://mirrors.kernel.org/sources.redhat.com/cygwinports/		precompiled cygports (https://sourceware.org/cygwinports/)

## Start Cygwin with GPG key for cygports
/path/to/setup-x86.exe -K http://cygwinports.org/ports.gpg

CYGPORTS CONTAINS DWM, MPD, NCMPC, PYSIDE
Cygwin doesn't have a traditional package manager. There are a few terminal programs you can use to emulate apt-get, but since on Windows files cannot be deleted or overwritten while they are running it is best to quit cygwin, and install programs using the installer.

Because of cygwin's limited options in the default repo, I find myself compiling packages myself quite a lot. I created a git repo for compiled (and attempts at compiling) programs for quick (manual) installations on new machines.

There is also a system loosely based on Gentoo's portage to assist in compilation. It is called cygports, and can be installed from the main package manager.

Common Problems

rebase

Almost all issues related to cygwin can be resolved by rebasing. You can do it the quick/dirty way:

C:/cygwin/bin/dash.exe
/bin/rebaseall

Or the full proper way:

- Open Task Manager and close any processes that look to be Cygwin related.
- Open C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
   - Verify that dash.exe, ash.exe, rebase.exe, and rebaseall exist in this folder
      - If any of them are missing, re-run Cygwin setup and select the dash, ash, and rebase packages

    - right-click your C:\Cygwin folder, uncheck Read-only (if its checked), and press OK.
      - When an error about not being able to switch some files comes up, select "Ignore All". Wait for this process to complete.

    - Browse to C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    - Right click dash.exe and click "Run as Administrator". A command Prompt should appear with nothing but a $
    - Type /usr/bin/rebaseall -v, hit enter, and wait for the process to complete.
        - If you get errors about Cygwin processes running, try Step 1 again. If that still doesn't work, Restart your computer into safe mode and try these steps again.
        - A commenter noted that, depending on your settings, you may have to type cd /usr/bin && ./rebaseall -v instead.
    - Try opening Cygwin again.

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9300722/cygwin-error-bash-fork-retry-resource-temporarily-unavailable

http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall

Programs

Cygwin does not by default include a CLI package manager. Instead, you run cygwin.exe with the flag 'config', which updates your existing cygwin (labeled as installation, but only checks for missing/out of date files). I have included the option of running 'CygwinPers.bat --config'. There are package managers available for cygwin, such as apt-cyg, but they're pretty awful. It is much better to just use the default installer.

Base Packages:

## Cygwin Packages
	bc
	offlineimap
	msmtp
	mutt
	w3m
	ncurses
	abook
	xclip
	git, git-completion, gitk, tig
	openssh
	gcc
	automake
	python2
	python3

	xorg
	rxvt-unicode
	nc
	nc6
	tmux
	zsh	
	irssi
	rsync


## External Packages:
  urlview (win32) -- http://www.oocities.org/win32mutt/win32.html
  mutt with sidebar -- http://www.alexbr.com/wblog/?p=183

Terminal Programs

mintty

openssh

For the bulk of my regular the terminal programs (irssi, pyradio etc), see Archlinux documentation. This section is only for terminal programs that require more complicated or different configuration when run in cygwin.

Mutt

---

Reuse config files from agnes arch setup.
Install:
  mutt (source), msmtp, w3m,
  ncurses, libncurses-devel,
  abook, offlineimap,
  autobuild, autoconf, automake,
  make, makedepend, openssl,
  openssl-devel, libsasl2-devel
  gcc core, gdbm, libgdbm, libgdbm-devel
  patch, patch-devel,

# Do not need
procmail

When installing mutt, check to install the source code {{{/usr/src/}}} copy the sideBar patch modified for cygwin: http://www.alexbr.com/wblog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/patch-cygwin-mutt-1.5.20-1-sidebar.txt save sidebar patch to /usr/src/mutt*/muttSideBar

recompiling mutt with sideBar

mutt-sidebar.patch

mutt-sidebar.patch

mutt sidebar patch tested and working in cygwin

cd /usr/src/mutt*/


autoconf -f -Wall
./configure --enable-imap --enable-pop --with-ssl --enable-smtp --with-homespool=mailspool --enable-hcache --enable-debug --with-sasl
patch -p1 < muttSideBar
make
./mutt (to test)
make install
cp mutt.exe /usr/bin/mutt.exe

compile urlview

cd /usr/src
git clone https://github.com/sigpipe/urlview
cd urlview

./configure
automake --add-missing   #to correct missing depcomp
make clean
make install
cp urlview.exe /usr/bin/

offlineimap

Offlineimap requires certificate authentication, and cygwin uses a different certificate file than linux. Point offlineImap to cygwin's ca-certificate file:

/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

gpg encryption

GPG (GnuPrivacyGuard), the open source version of PGP (pretty good privacy) is encryption software. It can be used on an entire disk, a directory, a set of files, or with emails for publickey authentication.

My use for gpg at work isn't encrypted emails, but rather an encrypted Maildir. The hard drive used at work will likely be used long after I am gone with all of my files intact, I would rather avoid snooping if possible.

- gnupg (cygwin package) -

cygwinpers --config
# search and install
gnupg

- mysysgit - Before I found cygwin's gpg encryption, I used mysysgit for gpg encryption. Apparently cygwin comes installed with gpg, but I haven't been able to find it or use it. Instead I'm using gpg from the MySysGit installation. To get this to work:

Setup:

# Download and Extract to git/bin directory (or same location as gpg.exe)
ftp://ftp.gnupg.org/gcrypt/binary/libiconv-1.9.1.dll.zip

# gpg should now run in regular windows
# Will need to create shellscript to be able to run gpg in cygwin

Usage:

gpg -c file.txt                 #encrypt file
shred -z --remove file.txt      #overwrite all file's bits, and delete
gpg file.txt                    #decrypt file

fetchmail

---NOT IN USE--- I had been having problems with ssl certificates using offlineimap, and I turned to fetchmail as an alternative. You can get emails with fetchmail, and then move them to their corresponding folder with procmail. This did not keep track of emails on the imap server however, and I started receiving duplicate emails.

Eventually I was able to fix offlineimap by pointing it to cygwin's ca-certificate file: {{{/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt}}} Note that this was after using fetchmail. Perhaps this accepted the certificate for me?

pyradio

---

Pyradio requires the curses library. It does not work well under windows, but it works very well under cygwin. Make sure that VLC is copied to a location on '$PATH' so that it can do all of the legwork in decoding the audio streams.

## create get-pip.py with contents of:
## https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

/usr/bin/python2 get-pip.py
pip2 install pyradio
cp $portable/VlCPortable/App/vlc/vlc.exe /usr/bin/cvlc.exe

mpd, ncmpcpp

---

There is a lot of dependencies, nice person on internet made script to simplify grabbing all dependencies/compiling.

https://github.com/ahodesuka/getmpd/blob/master/getmpd

## Use Cygports (redhat mirror kernel.org)
## setup-x86.exe -K http://cygwinports.org/ports.gpg

mpd, zzip, wrap, ncmpc, wavpack, libwavpack,
libvorbisfile, vorbisenc, sndfile, shout, samplerate,
pulse, alsa, opus, openal, dns_sd-1, audiofile-1,
libao


## cygwin doesn't use ALSA, pulseaudio is available,
## and also portaudio is apparently available (although I'm unsure if
## mpd supports it )

vim

---

Vim works perfectly, but some of the plugins have quirks that will need to be rewritten. These cygwin-specific issues will be tracked under vim.

NOTE
If you install a plugin, and get errors about ^M line endings in it's source files, You can fix in a very simple way. Simply open the sourcefile and execute:

:set ff=unix
:wq

utimer

---

A little script for setting alarms from the commandline. I have it all integrated with tmux though, and especially at work it would be useful to force myself to checkup on people every now and then, or stretch.

https://launchpad.net/utimer

cygwin --config  --> pkgconfig, intltool

./configure
make
make install

## make install does install the manpage, but
## utimer doesn't seem to be in the correct place
## copy it to /usr/bin
cp src/utimer.exe /usr/bin/

unrar

---

curl -#O http://www.rarlab.com/rar/unrarsrc-5.2.4.tar.gz
tar -xvf unrar*
cd unrar*
make -f makefile.cygmin (#doesn't exist)
(I don't have this working yet...)

vifm

---

vifm is a super awesome, and speedy terminal filemanager. I like it a lot.

curl -#O http://sourceforge.net/projects/vifm/files/vifm/vifm-0.7.8.tar.bz2/download
tar -xvf vifm*
cd vifm*
./configure
make
cp vifm.exe /usr/bin/

ranger

---

Ranger is a vim-style, tabbed, terminal filemanager that lets you browse through your filesystem and preview files REALLY REALLY QUICKLY. Perfect for jumping through the script directory.

## Make sure python2.6+ is installed
cd ~
curl -#O http://nongnu.org/ranger/ranger-stable.tar.gz
tar -xvf ranger-stable.tar.gz
cd ranger-X.XX
python setup.py install --optimize=1 --record=install_log.txt
cd ..
rm -rf ranger*

sshfs/fuse

---

cygwin doesn't have sshfs per-se, however there are a couple of windows ports of fuse/sshfs that work marvelously (although require a GUI unfortunately...). Of the two, dokan is portable, so it will be my preference.

Dokan does not accept command-line flags, but a forum user showed his autohotkey script that he used as a wrapper for it:

Run "C:\Program Files (x86)\Dokan\DokanSSHFS\DokanSSHFS.exe"
sleep 1000
Send {tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}password{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{tab}{enter}
sleep 4000
Send {enter}

http://dokan-dev.net/en/download/#sshfs

https://code.google.com/p/win-sshfs/downloads/detail?name=win-sshfs-0.0.1.5-setup.exe&can=2&q=

ipython

---

pip2 install ipython

PySide

---

## Cygwin Install: qt4 (check many packages)

cp /usr/bin/qmake-qt4


git clone https://github.com/PySide/pyside-setup.git pyside-setup
pip2 install wheel
python2 setup.py bdist_wheel --qmake=/usr/bin/qmake-qt4						## haven't had this work just yet

(python) schedule

---

This looks very promising as an alternative to cron that does not require the windows' task scheduler.

https://github.com/dbader/schedule

disused

statnot

---

statnot is another minimal notifications system. It has less dependencies still than dunst.

STATNOT REQUIRES X TO BE RUNNING, WHICH I DON'T WANT TO BOTHER WITH. INSTEAD I'M JUST USING MY PERSONAL TMUX NOTIFICATION SCRIPT RATHER THAN PASSING IT THROUGH NOTIFY-SEND. NOTIFY-SEND IS ONLY REALLY USEFUL IN LINUX ANYWAYS IF I'M LOOKING AT A WEB BROWSER. I CAN REWRITE MY ACTUAL NOTIFICATION SCRIPT TO CALL NOTIFY-SEND OR WINDOWS NOTIFICATIONS DEPENDING ON THE OSTYPE.

cygwin --config --> python2, python-dbus, python-gtk

dunst

---

Dunst is a notification system. I use it to pass messages to all my tmux sessions so that I don't miss messages or important alarms. It can run headless (sweet).

DUE TO THE UNAVAILABILITY OF LIBXDG-BASEDIR IN CYGWN (ALTHOUGH BEING PORTED), I CANNOT USE DUNST.

cygwin --config --> dbus, libxinerama, libxft, libxss, libnotify

# you'll also need to compile some other dependencies:
libxdg-basedir

X Programs

Xserver

CygwinX

%terminal%/cygwin/app/cygwin/cygwinXpers.bat		cygwinXpers.bat	personal launcher script
~/.xstartwinrc		.startxwinrc	customize startup of xwin

IMPORTANT NOTE IF YOU ARE RUNNING WINDOWS AS A DIFFERENT USER THAN 'will' (ex: willp). My workaround for both .xinitrc, and .config/openbox. was to use symbolic links to their locations in will.

ln -s /home/will /home/willp

# xorg-xerver
# win-xorg-clipboard

# There are options to customize startx and startxwin,
# I prefer to leave startxwin blank because when left alone,
# it can run ANY program as an argument, and it will create a 
# windows' window for it.
#### ~/.startxwin						## Any instructions to be run every time startxwin is run
#### ~/.xinitrc						## Any instructions to be run every time startx is run
#### man xwin							## commandline flags for startxwin/startx


startx (programs to run) -- (xwin flags)
-rootless	(no window decorations on xserver)
-keyhook		(cygwin sees keypresses before windows) (allows windows key to be used)

ex:
startx /usr/bin/openbox  -- -rootless -keyhoook		## start openbox in same windowspace as windows

WINAPI

I'm not entirely sure what this is, or how it works but this is how DWM is able to run natively in windows, and manage win32 windows ( but not cygwin windows unless launched with startxwin /usr/bin/<progrm> )

Fonts

/usr/share/fonts/font.ttf	font dir
fc-list	list all fonts

There is not a lot of options for fonts in the cygwin package repo, Here are the fonts that I use most frequently:

## Droid-Sans-Mono (preference)
http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/droid-sans-mono

## DejaVu
http://sourceforge.net/projects/dejavu/

## copy fonts to /usr/share/fonts/
fc-list											##List all currently available fonts
Urxvt.font:	xft:Droid Sans Mono-10		##Setting font for urxvt in ~/.Xdefaults

feh

feh is an awesome image viewer. requires imlib2

## CYGWIN DEPENDENCIES:
# imlib2, libcurl, libcurl-devel, libpng, libX11, libXinerama, libXt-devel
# make sure to install all imlib, imlib2, libiml, and devel packages from setup.exe
#
# note that when hunting down a package because of a compile error, you can use
# cygcheck for more info ex: cygcheck -p x11/Intrinsic.h

curl -#O http://feh.finalrewind.org/feh-2.12.tar.bz2
make
make install
cp feh.exe /usr/bin/