Networking Overview: Difference between revisions
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= Tutorials = | = Tutorials = | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
Line 20: | Line 8: | ||
</blockquote><!-- Tutorials --> | </blockquote><!-- Tutorials --> | ||
= | = Non Routable IP Ranges = | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
IP addresses that by default are not routed by domain-name servers. | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="yaml"> | |||
127.0.0.1: 127.0.0.1 # Available IPs: 1 | |||
10.0.0.0/8: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 # Available IPs: 16,777,214 | |||
172.16.0.0/12: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 # Available IPs: 1,048,574 | |||
192.168.0.0/16: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 # Available IPs: 65,534 | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
</blockquote><!-- Non Routable IP Ranges --> | |||
= Basics = | |||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
Information sent over a network is layered like an onion.<br> | |||
As you progress closer to your application, the outer layers are removed,<br> | |||
< | leaving only information that is useful to each stage. | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> | |||
<!-- a pseudocode piece of network data --> | |||
<datalink> | |||
<network> | |||
<transport> | |||
<application/> | |||
</transport> | |||
</network> | |||
</datalink> | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
</blockquote><!-- | </blockquote><!-- Basics --> | ||
= | = 5-layer TCP/IP model = | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!- | |||
!colspan=1|layer | |||
!colspan=1|protocol | |||
!colspan=1|unit | |||
!colspan=1|address | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || [[networking physical layer|physical]] || 10 Base T, 802.11 || Bits || n/a | |||
| | |||
| [[networking | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 2 || [[networking datalink layer|datalink]] || Ethernet, WiFi || Frames || MAC addr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 3 || [[networking network layer|network]] || IP || Datagram || IP addr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | 4 || [[networking transport layer|transport]] || TCP, UDP || Segment || Ports | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || [[networking application layer|application]] || HTTP, SMTP, .. || Messages || n/a | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
</blockquote><!-- 5-layer TCP/IP model --> | |||
</blockquote><!-- | |||
Latest revision as of 02:10, 10 May 2024
Tutorials
code a TCP/IP stack https://www.saminiir.com/lets-code-tcp-ip-stack-1-ethernet-arp/
Non Routable IP Ranges
IP addresses that by default are not routed by domain-name servers.
127.0.0.1: 127.0.0.1 # Available IPs: 1 10.0.0.0/8: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 # Available IPs: 16,777,214 172.16.0.0/12: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 # Available IPs: 1,048,574 192.168.0.0/16: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 # Available IPs: 65,534
Basics
Information sent over a network is layered like an onion.
As you progress closer to your application, the outer layers are removed,
leaving only information that is useful to each stage.<!-- a pseudocode piece of network data --> <datalink> <network> <transport> <application/> </transport> </network> </datalink>
5-layer TCP/IP model
- layer protocol unit address 1 physical 10 Base T, 802.11 Bits n/a 2 datalink Ethernet, WiFi Frames MAC addr 3 network IP Datagram IP addr 4 transport TCP, UDP Segment Ports 5 application HTTP, SMTP, .. Messages n/a